Iphepha langasese, elaziwa nangokuthi iphepha langasese eligoqekile, lisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlanzeni kwabantu nsuku zonke futhi lingenye yezinhlobo zephepha ezibalulekile kubantu. Ukuze iphepha langasese lithambe, izindlela zomshini zivame ukusetshenziswa ukugoqa iphepha nokwandisa ubumnene bephepha langasese. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinto zokwakha zokwenza iphepha langasese. Ezivame ukusetshenziswa yi-cotton pulp, i-wood pulp, i-grass pulp, i-waste paper pulp, njll.
Kwakungu-Arthur owasungula iphepha langasese.Shigutuo. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, cishe eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, i-American Shigutuo Paper Company yathenga inani elikhulu lephepha, elalingasetshenziswa ngenxa yobudedengu enkambisweni yokuthutha, okwabangela ukuba iphepha libe manzi futhi lishwabane. Ebhekene nendlu yokugcina amaphepha angenamsebenzi, wonke umuntu wayengazi ukuthi enzeni. Emhlanganweni wabaphathi, othile wasikisela ukuthi iphepha libuyiselwe kumhlinzeki ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahlekelwa. Lesi siphakamiso sasekelwa yiwo wonke umuntu. U-Arthur, inhloko yenkampani. UShi Gute wayengacabangi kanjalo. Wacabanga ukwenza imigodi emiqulwini yephepha, okwaba lula ukulidabula libe yizicucu ezincane. UShigutuo waqamba lolu hlobo lwephepha ngokuthi “uSonny” amathawula ephepha langasese futhi wawathengisela iziteshi zesitimela, izindawo zokudlela, izikole, njll. Wawabeka ezindlini zangasese. Ayethandwa kakhulu ngoba ayelula ukuwasebenzisa, futhi asakazeka kancane kancane emndenini ojwayelekile, edala inzuzo eningi yenkampani. Kulezi zinsuku, iphepha langasese seliyinto ebalulekile empilweni yakho, futhi lisinike ithuba elikhulu empilweni ngezindlela ezahlukene.
Emiphakathini yasendulo kudala ngaphambi kokusungulwa kwephepha langasese lesimanje, abantu baqala ukusebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene “zephepha langasese elilula”, njengeqabunga lelethisi, izindwangu, uboya, amaqabunga otshani, amaqabunga ekhokho noma amaqabunga ommbila. AmaGreki asendulo ayeletha amabhlogo ambalwa obumba noma amatshe lapho eya endlini yangasese, kuyilapho amaRoma asendulo ayesebenzisa izinti zokhuni ezinesiponji esicwiliswe emanzini anosawoti aboshwe ngakolunye uhlangothi. Abantu base-Inuit abakude e-Arctic banekhono lokusebenzisa izinto zasendaweni. Basebenzisa i-moss ehlobo kanye neqhwa njengephepha ebusika. “Iphepha langasese” lezakhamuzi zasogwini nalo liyindawo yesifunda kakhulu. Amagobolondo kanye nokhula lwasolwandle “yiphepha langasese” lasolwandle abalunikezwa ulwandle.
Ngokusho kwamarekhodi omlando, amaShayina aqala ukusungula futhi aqala ukusebenzisa iphepha langasese. Ngekhulu lesibili BC, amaShayina ayeseklame iphepha langasese lokuqala emhlabeni lezindlu zangasese. Ngekhulu le-16 AD, iphepha langasese elalisetshenziswa amaShayina lalibonakala likhulu ngokumangazayo namuhla, lingamasentimitha angu-50 ububanzi namasentimitha angu-90 ubude. Yiqiniso, iphepha langasese elinjalo elinobukhazikhazi lingasetshenziswa kuphela yisigaba esikhethekile njengezikhulu zombusi.
Ngephepha elincane nje lendlu yangasese, singathola ukuqonda ngesimiso esiqinile sokuhlelwa komphakathi wasendulo. Izikhulu zaseRoma lasendulo zazisebenzisa izindwangu zoboya ezicwiliswe emanzini e-rose njengephepha lendlu yangasese, kuyilapho umndeni wasebukhosini waseFrance wawuthanda i-lace nesilika. Eqinisweni, ama-squire amaningi kanye nabantu abacebile bangasebenzisa amaqabunga e-cannabis kuphela.
Ngo-1857, umMelika ogama lakhe linguJoseph Gayetti waba ngusomabhizinisi wokuqala emhlabeni ukuthengisa iphepha langasese. Waqamba iphepha lakhe langasese ngokuthi “iphepha lezokwelapha laseGayetti”, kodwa empeleni leli phepha liyiphepha elimanzi elicwiliswe kujusi we-aloe vera. Noma kunjalo, intengo yalo mkhiqizo omusha isamangalisa. Ngaleso sikhathi, isikhangiso esinjalo sasikhona emigwaqweni nasezindaweni ezizungezile: “Iphepha lezokwelapha laseGayetti, umlingani omuhle wokuya endlini yangasese, isidingo sanamuhla.” Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuyamangaza kancane, ukwazi ukuthi abantu abaningi abadingi “iphepha langasese legolide” elinjalo nhlobo.
Ngo-1880, abafowethu u-Edward Scott noClarence Scott baqala ukuthengisa ama-sanitary roll esiwaziyo namuhla. Kodwa ngokushesha nje lapho umkhiqizo omusha uphuma, wagxekwa yimibono yomphakathi futhi waboshwa yimithetho yokuziphatha. Ngoba ngaleso sikhathi, emehlweni abantu abavamile, ukuboniswa esidlangalaleni nokuthengiswa kwephepha langasese ezitolo kwakuyisenzo esihlazisayo nesingenasimilo esasilimaza impilo yomzimba neyengqondo.
Iphepha langasese lasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 lalithambile futhi likhululekile kunephepha langasese lanamuhla, futhi ukumuncwa kwalo amanzi kwakungadluleki. Ngo-1935, umkhiqizo omusha obizwa ngokuthi “iphepha langasese elingenakungcola” waqala ukufakwa emakethe. Kusukela kulokhu, akunzima ukucabanga ukuthi iphepha langasese laleso sikhathi kumelwe libe nokungcola okuningi.
Akungabazeki ukuthi iphepha langasese lidlala indima ebalulekile empilweni yanamuhla. Lokhu kuqinisekiswa kahle yincwadi yokubonga eyatholwa nguKimberly-Clark ngo-1944. Encwadini, uhulumeni wase-US wancoma: “Umkhiqizo wenkampani yakho (iphepha langasese) ube negalelo elikhulu ekuhlinzekweni kwempi yezwe yesibili.”
Ekusebenzeni kwe-“Desert Storm” kweMpi yaseGulf, wenza iminikelo emikhulu ebuthweni lase-US futhi wadlala indima ebalulekile yamasu. Ngaleso sikhathi, ibutho lase-US lalenza imisebenzi yasehlane, futhi izindunduma zesihlabathi ezimhlophe zazihluke kakhulu kumatangi aluhlaza, okwakungadalula kalula umgomo. Ngenxa yokuthi kwase kwephuze kakhulu ukupenda kabusha, ibutho lase-US kwadingeka ligoqe amatangi ngephepha lasendlini yangasese ukuze lifihleke ngokuphuthumayo.
Nakuba iphepha langasese liye lagxekwa futhi lathukwa futhi kwadingeka lithengiswe ngaphansi komhlaba ngemuva kwesitolo, namuhla selivele liqede ithuba elihle, futhi laze lagibela i-T-platform futhi lakhushulelwa emsebenzini wobuciko nemisebenzi yezandla. Abaculi abadumile bezithombe uChristopher, u-Anastasia Elias noTeruya Yongxian sebeqalile ukusebenzisa iphepha langasese njengezinto zokudala. Embonini yemfashini, umncintiswano odumile wengubo yomshado wephepha langasese elishibhile iMoschino Shike ubanjelwa minyaka yonke e-United States. Zonke izinhlobo zezingubo zomshado zephepha langasese ezintsha nezinhle ziyahlangana ukuze zincintisane.
Iphepha lasendlini yangasese lanamuhla selidlule isikhathi eside sokuthuthukiswa esingaphezu kweminyaka eyi-100, futhi liqopha ukuhlakanipha komuntu kanye nobuciko. Iphepha lasendlini yangasese elinezingqimba ezimbili (elasungulwa ngo-1942) lihlanganisa isayensi nobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe, ubumnene balo kanye nokumuncwa kwamanzi kungachazwa njengokungakaze kubonwe ngaphambili; isizukulwane sakamuva sephepha lasendlini yangasese siqukethe uketshezi olunomsoco webhotela le-shea, lesi sithelo semvelo sibhekwa njengesinemiphumela emihle yobuhle.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba 11-2023