Izinkomishi zephepha, izitsha zephepha, namabhokisi esidlo sasemini ephepha yizinto zokudlela eziluhlaza ezikhanya kakhulu ekhulwini lama-21.
Kusukela yasungulwa, izitsha zokudla ezenziwe ngephepha ziye zakhuthazwa kakhulu futhi zasetshenziswa emazweni athuthukile nasezifundeni ezifana neYurophu, iMelika, iJapan, iSingapore, iNingizimu Korea, kanye neHong Kong. Imikhiqizo yephepha inezici ezihlukile njengokubukeka okuhle, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nokuhlanzeka, ukumelana namafutha kanye nokushisa, futhi ayinabo ubuthi futhi ayinaphunga, inesithombe esihle, izizwa kahle, iyabola futhi ayinangcoliswa. Lapho nje izitsha zokudla zephepha zingena emakethe, zamukelwa ngokushesha ngabantu ngobuhle bazo obuhlukile. Imboni yokudla okusheshayo yamazwe ngamazwe kanye nabahlinzeki beziphuzo ezifana neMcDonald's, KFC, Coca-Cola, Pepsi kanye nabakhiqizi abahlukahlukene bama-noodle alula bonke basebenzisa izitsha zokupheka zephepha. Nakuba imikhiqizo yepulasitiki eyavela eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule futhi yabizwa ngokuthi "iNguquko Emhlophe" ilethe lula esintwini, yaveza "ukungcola okumhlophe" okunzima ukukuqeda namuhla. Ngenxa yokuthi izitsha zepulasitiki kunzima ukuzisebenzisa kabusha, ukushiswa kukhiqiza amagesi ayingozi, futhi ngeke kubole ngokwemvelo, futhi ukungcwaba kuzobhubhisa isakhiwo somhlabathi. Uhulumeni wami usebenzisa amakhulu ezigidi zamaRandi minyaka yonke ukubhekana nakho, kodwa akunamthelela omkhulu. Ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo eluhlaza neyonga imvelo kanye nokususwa kokungcola okumhlophe kube yinkinga enkulu yomphakathi emhlabeni jikelele.
Njengamanje, ngokombono wamazwe ngamazwe, amazwe amaningi eYurophu nase-United States asevele ebeke umthetho wokuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwezitsha zokudlela zepulasitiki. Uma sibheka isimo sasekhaya, uMnyango Wezitimela, uMnyango Wezokuxhumana, i-State Environmental Protection Administration, i-State Planning Commission, i-State Science and Technology, kanye nohulumeni basekhaya abanjengoWuhan, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Dalian, Xiamen, Guangzhou kanye namanye amadolobha amaningi amakhulu athathe izintambo ekukhipheni imithetho yokuvimbela ngokuphelele ukusetshenziswa kwezitsha zokupheka zepulasitiki ezilahlwayo. Umbhalo No. 6 we-State Economic and Trade Commission (1999) nawo ubeka ngokusobala ukuthi ekupheleni kuka-2000, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokupheka zepulasitiki kuzovinjelwa ngokuphelele ezweni lonke. Inguquko yomhlaba wonke ekukhiqizweni kwezitsha zokudla zepulasitiki iyavela kancane kancane. Imikhiqizo eluhlaza neyobungani nemvelo "yephepha esikhundleni sepulasitiki" isibe ngomunye wemikhuba ekuthuthukisweni komphakathi wanamuhla.
Ukuze kuvunyelwane futhi kukhuthazwe ukuthuthukiswa komsebenzi "wephepha-lepulasitiki", ngoDisemba 28, 1999, iKhomishini Yezomnotho Nezohwebo Yesifundazwe, ngokubambisana ne-State Administration of Quality and Technical Supervision, uMnyango Wezesayensi Nobuchwepheshe kanye noMnyango Wezempilo bakhiphe amazinga amabili kazwelonke, "Izindinganiso Ezijwayelekile Zobuchwepheshe Zezinto Zokupheka Ezibolayo Ezilahlwayo" kanye "Nezindlela Zokuhlola Ukusebenza Ezibolayo Ezilahlwayo", ezisetshenziswe kusukela ngoJanuwari 1, 2000. Ihlinzeka ngesisekelo sobuchwepheshe esihlanganisiwe sokukhiqizwa, ukuthengiswa, ukusetshenziswa kanye nokuphathwa kwezitsha zokupheka ezibolayo ezilahlwayo ezweni lethu. Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo komnotho wezwe lethu kanye nokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezindinganiso zokuphila zabantu, ukuqwashisa kwabantu ngenhlanzeko nempilo nakho kuyaqina njalo. Njengamanje, izinkomishi zephepha ezilahlwayo sezibe yisidingo sokusetshenziswa kwabantu nsuku zonke ezindaweni eziningi ezithuthukile kwezomnotho.
Ochwepheshe babikezela ukuthi eminyakeni emithathu edlule, izitsha zokupheka zephepha zizosakazeka ngokushesha ezweni futhi zingene emakhaya amaningi. Imakethe yayo ikhula ngokushesha futhi iyanda. Kuyindlela evamile yokuthi izitsha zepulasitiki ziqede umsebenzi wazo womlando, futhi izitsha zephepha ziba umkhuba wemfashini.
Njengamanje, imakethe yemikhiqizo yephepha isanda kuqala, futhi imakethe inamathemba abanzi. Ngokwezibalo, ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yephepha nezitsha zokupheka kwakungamabhiliyoni amathathu ngo-1999, futhi kwafinyelela kumabhiliyoni angu-4.5 ngo-2000. Kulindeleke ukuthi kuzokhula kakhulu ngesilinganiso sama-50% njalo ngonyaka eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo. Izitsha zokupheka zephepha zisetshenziswe kabanzi kwezentengiselwano, zezindiza, ezitolo zokudlela ezisheshayo ezisezingeni eliphezulu, ezitolo zokudlela zeziphuzo ezibandayo, emabhizinisini amakhulu naphakathi nendawo, eminyangweni kahulumeni, emahhotela, emindenini ezindaweni ezithuthukile kwezomnotho, njll., futhi zikhula ngokushesha ziye emadolobheni aphakathi namancane ezwenikazi. EShayina, izwe elinabantu abaningi emhlabeni. Amandla alo amakhulu emakethe anikeza isikhala esibanzi sabakhiqizi bemikhiqizo yephepha.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-29-2024